Archaeology of Coastal North Carolina, Page 1

THE ARCHEOLOGY OF COASTAL NORTH CAROLINA

by WILLIAM G. HAAG

Part 1

LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Coastal Studies Series -- Number 2
James P. Morgan, Editor
Richard J. Russell, General Editor

The Louisiana State University Studies was established to publish the results of research by faculty members, staff, and graduate students of the, University. Manuscripts of exceptional merit from sources other than the aforementioned are considered for publication provided they deal with subjects of particular interest to Louisiana.

The Studies originally appeared as a unified series consisting of forty-two numbers, published between the years 1931 and 1941. In 1951 the Studies was reactivated, and is now being issued in the following series: Social Sciences, Humanities, Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Coastal Studies. Other series may be established as the need arises.

The Studies in each series will be numbered only serially, without volume designation. All Inquiries regarding the Studies should be addressed to the Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge.

Frontpiece - Three vessels found in the National Park Service excavations at Fort Raleigh on Roanoke Island. Vessel 1 (Fort Raleigh Museum caralogue number 89) is a fine example of Roanoke Simple Stamped, 7⁷/₈ inches high. No. 2 (cat. No. 70), also Roanoke Simple Stamped, is 10¹/₄ inches in height. No. 3 (cat. No. 68), of the same type as the others, is 14³/₄ inches high. All three are good examples of the typical vessel form characterizing the prehistoric and historic eastern Algonkian pottery. Photos courtesy of National Park Service.

PREFACE

In 1954 the Coastal Studies Institute of Louisiana State University contracted to make a comprehensive survey of the Cape Hatteras area of the Carolina Coast. The work was to include the archeology, cultural geography, botany, coastal morphology, and geology of the region. The archeological and geographical divisions were supported jointly by the National Park Service and the Office of Naval Research.

In December 1956, this monograph was released to a limited distributional list as Technical Report No. 8, Part B, Project No. N7 onr 35608, Task Order No. NR 388 002 of the Office of Naval Research. This present edition is nearly a facsimile reproduction of the Technical Report, only minor corrections having been made.

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**
SECTION	PAGE
INTRODUCTION	1
The Problem	1
Field and Laboratory Methods	2
Acknowledgments	3
PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE COASTAL REGION	5
HISTORIC INDIAN OCCUPATION	12
PREHISTORY OCCUPATION	22
Field Techniques	22
Areas of Concentration	24
Site Descriptions (Edited)	26
Hatteras Island	26
Ocracoke Island	33
Bodie Island	34
Colington Island	39
Albemarle Sound	41
Pamlico Sound	47
Neuse River	60
Roanoke Island	62
ARTIFACT ANALYSIS	65
Pottery	65
The Grit-Tempered Ware	69
The Shell-Tempered Ware	82
Stone Vessels	87
Pottery Pipes	87
Projectile Points	90
Other Implements	93
Stratigraphic Test Excavations	95
Comparison of the Material Culture	104
Summary of Material Culture	114
Culture Areas of the Carolina Sound	115
CORRELATION OF ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL RECORDS	118
SUMMARY OF ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION OF THE CAROLINA SOUND	126
Early Period	126
Middle Period	128
Protohistoric Period	129
Historic Period	130
Displacement of Aboriginal Culture	131
LITERATURE CITED	134

**LIST OF FIGURES**
FIGURE	PAGE
Frontispiece(above): Three vessels from Fort Raleigh	ii
1. Index map of northeastern North Carolina	7
2. Archeological survey of northeastern North Carolina (Omitted)	27
3. Varieties of sand and grit tempered fabric impressed sherds	74
4. Sand and grit tempered fabric impressed sherds with overincising	74
5. Sand and grit tempered cord marked sherds	76
6. Simple stamped sherds from excavations at Fort Raleigh	76
7. Sand and grit tempered net impressed sherds	78
8. Various sand-grit tempered sherds	78
9. Varieties of shell tempered pottery	83
10. Aboriginal pipes from various sites	83
11. Projectile points from the Duck Site	91
12. Projectile points and large blades from various sites	91
13. Miscellaneous stone artifacts from various sites	94
14. A slab mortar from C 4	94
15. Selected specimens of Tuckahoe from B 5	103
16. Fragments of identical porcelain cup from B 5	103

**LIST OF TABLES**
1. All sites with distribution of sherds	66-68
2. Sites with near 100 or more sherds	70
3. Pottery distribution in test excavation at Cape Creek Site, H 1	97
4. Distribution of pottery in test pit at P 1	99
5. Pottery from test at Bandon Site, A 12	101

Source: "The Archaeology of Coastal North Carolina" by William G. Haag, Louisiana State University Studies, Coastal Studies Series No. 2., 1958, LSU Press, Baton Rouge.

Courtesy of Louisiana State University Press

Carolina Algonkian Project